Technical Information
Introduction
Kemlon Products and affiliates have been manufacturing pressure proof components for underwater and subsurface geophysical instuments since 1950. Today, Kemlon manufactures a complete line of pressue proof electrical connectors for carious hostile environments including underwater, subsurface, and high temperature steam.
PB and PC Series Connectors
The PB Series connectors are bulkhead connectors which utilize a boot to seal the cable and electical contacts from the environment. The boot also contains a contact block and contacts. The contact block ensures proper alignment and further insulates the contacts from the environment. Boot retainers are available which cover the boot and prevent the boot from being inadvertently unplugged. Contact blocks are also availabe which plug onto the back side of the connector in lieu of a solder connection.
The PC Series connectors are the male and female boots which mate to the PB Series bulkhead connectors. In some cases these are bonded directly to the cable and in other cases they are sized to slip onto the wire and can be terminated in the field. The PC Series connectors are availabe in a variety of rubber compounds from neoprene to high temperature fluroelastomers. It is important to choose the appropriate boot material and cable material for your environment
Construction
Kemlon manufactures two versions of the PB Series bulkhead connectors. The first type is an all APK 1000 molded connector. The APK 1000 material is an aromatic polyether. This material represents the latest technology and is superior to glass filled epoxy in strength, shock resistance, and resistance to water absorption. This type of construction is recommended for low to moderate pressure appplications up to 5000 psi when the temperature is -60° C to 140° C. It may also be used to 260° C when the pressures fall to ambient conditions. This type of construction is not recommended for use at moderate or high pressures and high tempuratures for extended periods of time.
The second type of constuction consists of a connector with conductors glass sealed to a metal body with APK 1000 extending the insulation out beyond the body for resistance to arcing. This typre of constuction is recommended for most applications. It provides the best performance for high pressure, high temperature, and extended use at pressure. The internal glass seal also prevents fluid leakage past the connectore if the boot becomes damaged.
PW Series Connectors
The PW Series are connectors that when mated form a waterproof connector capable of operating up to 20,000 psi. this series utilizes an "O" ring seal to seal out the environment at the face. Alignment between the plug and receptacle is accomplished using a key and keyway machined into the metal bodies. A metal coupling nut holds the receptacle to the plug after the two are mated. The standard PW Series cable connectors have metal shells with a APK 1000 insert core. This APK 1000 core is bonded into the metal body with epoxy. The PW Series cable connectors are also available with glass sealed pins as an option for high pressure and high temperature applications. This would be recommended when temperatures are over 160° C or pressures over 16,000 psi. Typically, the PW Series cable connectors are sealed to the cable by direct vulcanization, so that a molded cable is furnished. Once again, the type of rubber and cable must be selected that is suited for the application. The PW Series bulkhead connectors are glass sealed high pressure feedthrus capable of withstanding high pressure independent of the female receptacles. This provides additional protection against hydraulic leakage into an instrument in the event the female receptacle is damaged or has a rubber seal failure.
HPW Series Connectors
The HPW Series connectors are very similar to the PW Series except they are designed to operate at higher temperatures and pressures. The HPW Series has a dual "O" ring seal at the mating face between the plug and receptacle. The HPW Series also utilizes a dual "O" ring seal between the bulkhead connector and the bulkhead. This dual "O" ring construction provides better seal reliability than found in the PW Series. All HPW Series cable connectors are glass sealed to provide the highest pressure capability. The HPW Series bulkhead connectors also have glass sealed pins, but in addition they have a heavier construction than the PW Series connectors. The HPW Series connectors would be recommended for high temperature and pressure service, and for service where a dual "O" ring seal is required.
PPW Series Connectors
The PPW Series are waterproof connectors designed to operate at lower pressures similar to those found in most routine subsea applications. The PPW Series form a waterpreoof connection when mated utilizing an "O" ring seal at the mating face. The main body of the PPW Series connector consists of APK 1000. As mentioned before, this material represents the latest technology and is superior to epoxy materials in strength, shock resistance, teperature resistance, and resistance to water absorption.
The PPW Series cable female connectors are available as a molded cable or field attchable kit which is designed to be potted. The simple constuction and high quality of materials used in the PPW Series translate into a highly reliable low cost underwater connector.
Electrical Specifications
Insulation resistance
The insulation resistance of a connector is a function of the temperature and test voltage. The minimum values of insulation resistance for the PB Series and PW Series connector are shown in Table 1. Note that the insulation resistance at room temperature is greater than 5000 megaohms at 500 V.D.C. This specification applies to pin to shell or pin to pin measurements.
| Series | Temperature | Voltage | Insulation Resistance |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB,PC Series | 20° C | 500 VDC | 5000 Megaohms |
| PBM, PBFL, PBPM, PBFLS | 140° C | 500 VDC | 500 Megaohms |
| PBMG, PBFLG, PBFLGS, PBPMG, PBMGSS | 220° C | 500 VDC | 100 Megaohms |
| PCM, PCF, PCFA, PCFB, PCFD, PBF | 162° C | 500 VDC | 100 Megaohms |
| PW Series | 20° C | 500 VDC | 5000 Megaohms |
| PWM, PWMF, PWMFL, PWFFL, PWMD, PWFF, PWF | 220° C | 500 VDC | 100 Megaohms |
| PWCM, PWCF, PWCFR, PWCFA, PWCFAO, PWCMA, PWCMAO | 162° C | 500 VDC | 200 Megaohms |
| HPW Series | 20° C | 500 VDC | 5000 Megaohms |
| HPWMD, HPWMFL, HPWCFAO, HPWCMAO | 200° C | 500 VDC | 200 Megaohms |
| HPWCF, HPWCFA, HPWCMA | 200° C | 500 VDC | 100 Megaohms |
| PPW Series | 20° C | 500 VDC | 5000 Megaohms |
| PPWM, PPWMF | 200° C | 500 VDC | 100 Megaohms |
| PPWCM, PPWCF, PPWCFA, PPWCMA | 162° C | 500 VDC | 100 Megaohms |
Current Capacity
The current capacity of a multipin connector is a function of four conditions. These are (1) the pin diamerer, (2) the type of pin material, (3) the operating temperature, and (4) the ability to dissipate heat that is generated by current flowing through the pins (resistance heating).
| Pin Material | Standard | Optional | Ohms per Circulas Mil Foot | Micro Ohm cm | Magnetic |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Beryllium-Copper | yes | no | 43 | 7.1 | no |
| Kovar® | yes | no | 294 | 48 | yes |
| Nickel-Iron | yes | no | 260 | 43 | yes |
| Molybdenum | no | yes | 34 | 5.7 | no |
| Inconel® X-750 | no | yes | 731 | 121 | no |
| Nickel-Iron/Copper | no | yes | 70.5 | 11.7 | yes |
Pins with a larger diamerter and a lower specific resistance will conduct more current. Therefore, beryllium copper pins have a higher current capacity than Kovar pins of the same size. See Table 2 for specific resistivities of standard and optional Kemlon pin materials.
The current capacity of a single pin has been set by Kemlon as the current which produces a 40° C temperature rise. The current carrying capacity of a multipin connector is complicated by its inability to dissipate heat, because the inner rows of pins dissipate heat more slowly that the outer rows. therfore, Kemlon has reduced the current copacity of the multipin connector load. In the case where only a few pins need to carry a high current, the current capacity would more closely apporximate that of a single pin. See Table 3
| Pin Size | Diameter | Kovar Single | Kovar® Multipin | Nicke/iron Single | Nickel/Iron Multipin | Beryllium Copper Single | Beryllium Copper Multipin | Inconel Single | Inconel Multipin |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| #20 | 0.0400 | 5.5 | 3.3 | 5.9 | 3.5 | 14.5 | 8.7 | 3.5 | 2.1 |
| #16 | 0.0625 | 9.4 | 5.6 | 10.0 | 6.0 | 24.5 | 14.7 | 6.0 | 3.6 |
| #12 | 0.0938 | 15.6 | 9.4 | 16.6 | 10.0 | 40.8 | 24.5 | 10.0 | 6.0 |
| #10 | 0.1250 | 23.0 | 13.8 | 24.5 | 14.7 | 60.2 | 36.0 | 14.7 | 8.8 |
| #8 | 0.1410 | 26.0 | 15.6 | 27.0 | 16.2 | 66.0 | 39.0 | 16.2 | 9.7 |
Since the specific resistance of pin materials increases with increasing temperature, the current capacity is lower at higher temperature than at 25° C. See Table 4 for the current capacities at 200° C.
| Pin Size | Diameter | Kovar Single | Kovar® Multipin | Nicke/iron Single | Nickel/Iron Multipin | Beryllium Copper Single | Beryllium Copper Multipin | Inconel Single | Inconel Multipin |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| #20 | 0.0400 | 3.6 | 2.2 | 3.8 | 2.2 | 9.4 | 5.6 | 2.3 | 1.3 |
| #16 | 0.0625 | 6.2 | 3.7 | 6.6 | 3.7 | 16.0 | 9.6 | 4.0 | 2.2 |
| #12 | 0.0938 | 10.3 | 6.2 | 11.0 | 6.2 | 26.0 | 15.0 | 6.6 | 3.7 |
| #10 | 0.1250 | 15.2 | 9.1 | 16.2 | 9.1 | 39.0 | 23.0 | 9.7 | 5.5 |
| #8 | 0.1410 | 17.0 | 10.2 | 18.1 | 10.2 | 43.0 | 26.0 | 10.9 | 6.1 |
Kemlon offers some optional pin materials as shown in table 2. These materials may be requested depending upon the application. The Nickel Alloy/Copper is an optional material for Kemlon's glass sealed connectors and offers a higher current capacity. Molybdenum also offers higher current capacity and low magnetic permeability, but has lower mechanical strength than the Nickel Alloy/Copper material.
Continuity
Kemlon connectors are capable of maintaining electrical continuity between the male plug and female receptacle due to the use of heat treated spring contacts. Each contact is set for a minimum pin engagement force shown in the table below. Continuity is further enhanced by 100% gold plating of all contact surfaces. The maximum voltage drop across a contact is measured from the end of the contact to the engaged pin which is specified in Table 5. Also shown in Table 5 is the maximum voltage drop from the end of a 2" long pin to the end of a 2" long contact, which approximates the voltage drop across mated connector pair with beryllium copper pins and inserts.
Kemlon's standard spring insert material is beryllium copper. For operating temperatures greater than 200° C our option nickel alloy insert is recommended. However, unless requested all connectors will be supplied with gold plated copper alloy inserts.
| Contact Size | Contact Diameter | Minimum Contact Engagement Force in Ounces | Conact Resistance - Voltage Drop BeCu Pin - BeCu Contact | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Max Voltage Drop Contact Only Millivolts @ 25° C | Max Voltage Drop Contact With 2" Long Pins Millivolts @25° C | Test Current Amps | |||
| #20 | 0.0400 | 2 | 55 | 74 | 7.5 |
| #16 | 0.0625 | 4 | 49 | 60 | 13.0 |
| #12 | 0.0938 | 6 | 42 | 50 | 23.0 |
| #10 | 0.1250 | 8 | 33 | 39 | 33.0 |
| #8 | 0.1410 | 16 | 33 | 39 | 39.0 |
Kemlon Rubber Materials
Kemlon compounds a variety of rubber materials in house. These materials are carefully weighed and then mixed using Banbury mixer and Calendar mill. Each batch is given a batch number and is tested by our quality control department to ensure that is meets our specifications. Extensive testing has gone into the development of many of the formulations so the specific applications could be satisfied. Table 6 summarizes the compounds which cover the majority of application needs.
The low values shown for the temperature range represent the point where the rubber no longer has any flexibility. Molded boots and connectors operating near or below this teperature will not flex and should best be left undisturbed. The high values for the temperature range represent the maximum operating temperature of the material.
| Compound | Classification | Durometer Shore A | Temperature Range °C | Recommended Uses |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KN-01 | Neoprene® | 65 | -55 to 162 | General Purpose Compound. Underwater applications. Good insulator |
| KN-02 | Nitrile | 80 | -16 to 180 | Downhole oil wells. Inexpensive. Slightly conductive electrically. |
| KN-34 | Fluoroelastomer | 80 | -20 to 260 | For high temperature appllication. Excellant electrical insulator at temperature. Excellant resistance to water/steam. |
| KN-38 | Viton® A | 84 | -14 to 230 | General purpose high temperaure applications. |
| KN-42 | Fluoroelastomer | 82 | -20 to 260 | Excellant chemical resistance. High temperature downgole well service. Excellant resistance to water, water based and oil based drilling fluids. |
| KN-53 | Fluoroelastomer | 78 | -20 to 250 | Excellant gas resistance. High temperature downhole oil well service.Limited oil based drilling fluid resistance. |
| KN-55 | Fluoroelastomer | 67 | -20 to 260 | Similar to KN-34 except lower durometer. Better flexibility. |
| KN-62 | Fluoroelastomer | 65 | -35 to 260 | Similar to KN-42. better low temperature flexibility. More expensive. |
| KN-61 | Polyurethane | 75 | -55 to 130 | Compatible with polyurethane and neoprene cables. Pressure molded compound.Water resistant, but not recommended for oil well service. |
| KN-63 | Polyurethane | 80 | -56 to 140 | Compatible with neoprene and polyurethane cables. Castable compound meets MIL-M240441-C category A. |
Multi-Conductor Cable
Kemlon offers a variety of rubber jacketed Teflon® insulated cables for pressure applications. These are available in 100 foot minimum lengths with blown jackets and 1000 foot minimum lengths with extruded jackets. Optional wire conductor sizes, jacket thickness, and materials also available upon request.
| Part Number | Conductor # / Size AWG | Current Amps* | Max Voltage | Cable Dia | Max Temp °C |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 16-A-7035-1 | 3 - #20 | 6.5 | 600 | 0.250 | 162 |
| 16-A-7035-2 | 4 - #20 | 6.5 | 600 | 0.265 | 162 |
| 16-A-7035-3 | 5 - #20 | 6.5 | 600 | 0.285 | 162 |
| 16-A-7035-4 | 7 - #20 | 6.5 | 600 | 0.300 | 162 |
| 16-A-7035-5 | 10 - #20 | 6.5 | 600 | 0.360 | 162 |
| 16-A-7036-1 | 2 - #16 | 11.0 | 600 | 0.300 | 162 |
| 16-A-7036-2 | 3 - #16 | 11.0 | 600 | 0.315 | 162 |
| 16-A-7036-3 | 4 - #16 | 11.0 | 600 | 0.335 | 162 |
| 16-A-7036-4 | 5 - #16 | 11.0 | 600 | 0.335 | 162 |
| 16-A-7036-5 | 7 - #16 | 11.0 | 600 | 0.380 | 162 |
| 16-A-7036-6 | 10 - #16 | 11.0 | 600 | 0.465 | 162 |
| 16-A-7036-7 | 14 - #16 | 11.0 | 600 | 0.500 | 162 |
| 16-A-7037-1 | 3 - #12 | 21.0 | 600 | 0.415 | 162 |
| 16-A-7037-2 | 4 - #12 | 21.0 | 600 | 0.440 | 162 |
| 16-A-7037-3 | 7 - #12 | 21.0 | 600 | 0.510 | 162 |
| 16-A-7038-1 | 4 - #8 | 40.0 | 600 | 0.695 | 162 |
| Part Number | Conductor # / Size AWG | Current Amps* | Max Voltage | Cable Dia | Max Temp °C |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 16-A-7031-1 | 3 - #20 | 6.5 | 600 | 0.250 | 90 |
| 16-A-7031-2 | 4 - #20 | 6.5 | 600 | 0.265 | 90 |
| 16-A-7031-3 | 5 - #20 | 6.5 | 600 | 0.285 | 90 |
| 16-A-7031-4 | 7 - #20 | 6.5 | 600 | 0.300 | 90 |
| 16-A-7031-5 | 10 - #20 | 6.5 | 600 | 0.360 | 90 |
| 16-A-7032-1 | 2 - #16 | 11.0 | 600 | 0.300 | 90 |
| 16-A-7032-2 | 3 - #16 | 11.0 | 600 | 0.315 | 90 |
| 16-A-7032-3 | 4 - #16 | 11.0 | 600 | 0.335 | 90 |
| 16-A-7032-4 | 5 - #16 | 11.0 | 600 | 0.335 | 90 |
| 16-A-7032-5 | 7 - #16 | 11.0 | 600 | 0.380 | 90 |
| 16-A-7032-6 | 10 - #16 | 11.0 | 600 | 0.465 | 90 |
| 16-A-7032-7 | 14 - #16 | 11.0 | 600 | 0.500 | 90 |
| 16-A-7033-1 | 3 - #12 | 21.0 | 600 | 0.415 | 90 |
| 16-A-7033-2 | 4 - #12 | 21.0 | 600 | 0.440 | 90 |
| 16-A-7033-3 | 7 - #12 | 21.0 | 600 | 0.510 | 90 |
| 16-A-7034-1 | 4 - #8 | 40.0 | 600 | 0.695 | 90 |
| Part Number | Conductor # / Size AWG | Current Amps* | Max Voltage | Cable Dia | Max Temp °C |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 16-A-7023-1 | 3 - #20 | 6.5 | 600 | 0.250 | 200 |
| 16-A-7023-2 | 4 - #20 | 6.5 | 600 | 0.265 | 200 |
| 16-A-7023-3 | 5 - #20 | 6.5 | 600 | 0.285 | 200 |
| 16-A-7023-4 | 7 - #20 | 6.5 | 600 | 0.300 | 200 |
| 16-A-7023-5 | 10 - #20 | 6.5 | 600 | 0.360 | 200 |
| 16-A-7024-1 | 2 - #16 | 11.0 | 600 | 0.300 | 200 |
| 16-A-7024-2 | 3 - #16 | 11.0 | 600 | 0.315 | 200 |
| 16-A-7024-3 | 4 - #16 | 11.0 | 600 | 0.335 | 200 |
| 16-A-7024-4 | 5 - #16 | 11.0 | 600 | 0.335 | 200 |
| 16-A-7024-5 | 7 - #16 | 11.0 | 600 | 0.380 | 200 |
| 16-A-7024-6 | 10 - #16 | 11.0 | 600 | 0.465 | 200 |
| 16-A-7024-7 | 14 - #16 | 11.0 | 600 | 0.500 | 200 |
| 16-A-7025-1 | 3 - #12 | 21.0 | 600 | 0.415 | 200 |
| 16-A-7025-2 | 4 - #12 | 21.0 | 600 | 0.440 | 200 |
| 16-A-7025-3 | 7 - #12 | 21.0 | 600 | 0.510 | 200 |
| 16-A-7026-1 | 4 - #8 | 40.0 | 600 | 0.695 | 200 |
| Part Number | Conductor # / Size AWG | Current Amps* | Max Voltage | Cable Dia | Max Temp °C |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 16-A-7027-1 | 3 - #20 | 6.5 | 600 | 0.250 | 260 |
| 16-A-7027-2 | 4 - #20 | 6.5 | 600 | 0.265 | 260 |
| 16-A-7027-3 | 5 - #20 | 6.5 | 600 | 0.285 | 260 |
| 16-A-7027-4 | 7 - #20 | 6.5 | 600 | 0.300 | 260 |
| 16-A-7027-5 | 10 - #20 | 6.5 | 600 | 0.360 | 260 |
| 16-A-7028-1 | 2 - #16 | 11.0 | 600 | 0.300 | 260 |
| 16-A-7028-2 | 3 - #16 | 11.0 | 600 | 0.315 | 260 |
| 16-A-7028-3 | 4 - #16 | 11.0 | 600 | 0.335 | 260 |
| 16-A-7028-4 | 5 - #16 | 11.0 | 600 | 0.335 | 260 |
| 16-A-7028-5 | 7 - #16 | 11.0 | 600 | 0.380 | 260 |
| 16-A-7028-6 | 10 - #16 | 11.0 | 600 | 0.465 | 260 |
| 16-A-7028-7 | 14 - #16 | 11.0 | 600 | 0.500 | 260 |
| 16-A-7029-1 | 3 - #12 | 21.0 | 600 | 0.415 | 260 |
| 16-A-7029-2 | 4 - #12 | 21.0 | 600 | 0.440 | 260 |
| 16-A-7029-3 | 7 - #12 | 21.0 | 600 | 0.510 | 260 |
| 16-A-7030-1 | 4 - #8 | 40.0 | 600 | 0.695 | 260 |
Kemlon Plastics
Kemlon provides a wide variety of molded connectors, sensors and related intruments for downhole applications. The following materials are aromatic polyether ketones and find widespread acceptance in environments with temperatures to 500° F and pressures to 30,000 psi.
| Property | Units | Kemlox® APK 1000 | Kemlox® APK 1000G30 | Kemlox® APK 5000 | Kemlox® APK 6000 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Unfilled PEEK | 30% Glass Filled PEEK | PEK | UberPEK | ||
| Density, Crystalline | gm/cu. cm | 1.32 | 1.5 | 1.32 | ~1.32 |
| Density, Anamorphous | gm/cu. cm | 1.26 | ~ | 1.27 | ~1.27 |
| Typical Crystallinity | % | 35 | 30~35 | 35 | 35 |
| Water Absorption | %~24hrs @ 73° F | 0.50 | 0.11 | 0.50 | ~0.50 |
| Water Absorption | %~Equil @ 73° F | 0.50 | ~ | ~ | ~ |
| Melting Point | ° F | 644 | 644 | 705 | 723 |
| Glass Transition Temperature | ° F | 289 | 289 | 315 | 327 |
| Heat Distortion Tempurature | ° F | 306 | ~ | 329 | 347 |
| Tensile Strength | psi @ 73 °F | 14065 | 22600 | 15950 | 16679 |
| Tensile Strength | psi @ 302° F | ~ | ~ | 6962 | ~ |
| Tensile Strength | psi @ 482° F | 1740 | 4930 | 2466 | ~ |
| Dialectric Strength | Volts/mil | 480 | 444 | 440 | ~430 |
Chemical Resistance of Kemlox® APK Thermoplastics
These plastic materials are all aromatic polyether ketones and exhibit similar and excellent chemical resistance to many materials. The following descriptions provide general guidelines to chemical resistance. Please inquire for materials not specifically listed below.
Resistance is outstanding to alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, bases such as ammonia, ammonium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide and sodium hydroxide. Furthermore, these plastics are unaffected by esters, ethers and a wide variety of halogenated organics such as freon, trichloroethylene and methylene chloride.
Most hydrocarbons show no attack, including benzene, crude oil, diesel oil, gasoline, kerosene, motor oil, vegetable oil, toluene, and transformer oil. Many inorganic reagents show little attack. Included in this group is bleach, calcium hypochlorite, copper cyanide, hydrogen sulfide, lime, mercury, nickel chloride, ozone, potassium nitrate, sodium chloride, sulfur, steam, sea water, and sulphur dioxide. However, a few inorganic materials should be avoided including bromine, flourine, chlorine, and some salts of halogens.
Acid resistance is outstanding with little or no attack by such chemicals as acetic acid, acrylic acid, boric acid, chromic acid, oxalic acid, hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, and phosphoric acid. The Kemlox® APK plastics are attacked by aqua regia, concentrated hydroflouric acid (70%), concentrated nitric acid (50%), and concentrated sulfuric acid (40%).
Plating
All pins, solder cups, and socket contacts found in this catalog are gold over nickel plated for maximum electrical contact. All gold plating is done in house to Kemlon's strict procedures, which meet or exceed MIL-G-45204-C, Type I, Class 1 specification of 50 microinches minimum thickness unless specified othewise. Plating thickness is carefully monitored with Beta Back Scatter instruments.
Helium Leakage
Kemlon glass sealed connectors are fabricated to meet or exceed a helium leak test of 10 ^-8 cc/sec at 15 psi differential pressure. Representative samples are inspected using a mass spectrometry helium leak detector to insure product integrity. 100% batch inspection can be performed at an additional charge.
Pin Termination
In most cases Kemlon connectors are shown with straight pins. However, solder cups may be shown on some connectors to aid in soldering or may be requested as an option.
| Pin Size | Wire Size | Cup I.D. |
|---|---|---|
| #20 | 20 Awg | 0.047 |
| #16 | 16 Awg | 0.073 |
| #12 | 12 Awg | 0.113 |
| #8 | 8 Awg | 0.16 |
Quality Control
Kemlon maintains a quality control program with complete manufacturing documentation and traceability. Kemlon's program exceeds the system requirements of MIL-I-45208-A. In addition a written schedule for calibrating gauges, measuring and test equipment is strictly followed in accordance with MIL-C-45662. Kemlon inspects all "first parts" and samples of all sub-assembly components prior to final assembly. During final inspection, and electric test for insulation resistance and dielectric withstanding voltage are performed on 100% of the final assemblies prior to shipment. Kemlon also routinely performs pressure tests and maintains vessels for testing in water and oil to 25,000 psi and 260° C
| PSI | Feet Seawater | Meters Seawater | Bars | Kilograms per Cm² | Kilo Pascals |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 2.25 | 0.69 | 0.069 | 0.07 | 6.89 |
| 10 | 22.5 | 6.86 | 0.69 | 0.7 | 68.9 |
| 100 | 225 | 68.6 | 6.9 | 7.0 | 689 |
| 500 | 1125 | 343 | 34.5 | 35.2 | 3447 |
| 1000 | 2250 | 686 | 69 | 70.3 | 6890 |
| 5000 | 11250 | 3429 | 345 | 352 | 34470 |
| 10000 | 22500 | 6858 | 690 | 703 | 68900 |
| Materials | Specification | Tensile Strength |
|---|---|---|
| Nitronic 50® | AMS-5764 | 135,000 |
| APK 1000 | MIL-P-46183 | 26,000 |
| Beryllium Copper | QQ-C-530 | 175,000 |
| Inconel® X-150 | AMS 5667 | 95,000 |
| Kovar® | AMS 7727 | 65,000 |
| 316 S.S. | ASTM-A-276 | 55,000 |
| Aluminum Bronze | QQ-C-450 | 85,000 |
| Nickel alloy 50% nickel | MIL-I-23011 | 70,000 |